navigating bureaucracy & forms
Navigating Bureaucracy & Forms
Core Vocabulary
Study the key terms, pronunciations, and Amharic translation contexts.
Application
/አፕሊኬሽን/
ማመልከቻ
A formal request to an authority
ለባለስልጣን የሚቀርብ መደበኛ ጥያቄ
Examples
"The application is ready."
Document
/ዶክመንት/
ሰነድ
Official paper with information
መረጃ የያዘ ይፋዊ ወረቀት
Examples
"Submit your original document."
Signature
/ሲግኔቸር/
ፊርማ
A person's name written by themselves
አንድ ሰው በራሱ የሚፅፈው ስም
Examples
"Place your signature here."
Passport
/ፓስፖርት/
የጉዞ ፈቃድ
Travel document issued by a government
በመንግስት የሚሰጥ የጉዞ ሰነድ
Examples
"My passport has expired."
Visa
/ቪዛ/
ቪዛ
An endorsement on a passport to enter a country
አንድ ሀገር ለመግባት ፓስፖርት ላይ የሚደረግ ማረጋገጫ
Examples
"I applied for a tourist visa."
Identification
/አይደንቲፊኬሽን/
መታወቂያ
Proof of who a person is
የአንድን ሰው ማንነት የሚያረጋግጥ ማስረጃ
Examples
"Show your identification card."
Registration
/ሬጂስትሬሽን/
ምዝገባ
The act of entering onto an official list
በይፋዊ ዝርዝር ውስጥ የመግባት ተግባር
Examples
"The registration is mandatory."
Deadline
/ዴድላይን/
የጊዜ ገደብ
The latest time to complete something
አንድን ነገር ለማጠናቀቅ የመጨረሻው ጊዜ
Examples
"The deadline is tomorrow."
Requirement
/ሪኳይርመንት/
መስፈርት
Something that is needed or wanted
የሚያስፈልግ ወይም የሚፈለግ ነገር
Examples
"What is the main requirement?"
Official
/ኦፊሻል/
ባለስልጣን
A person holding public office
የመንግስት የስራ ኃላፊነት ያለው ሰው
Examples
"Speak to an official."
Officer
/ኦፊሰር/
መኮንን
A person in a position of authority
በስልጣን ቦታ ላይ ያለ ሰው
Examples
"The immigration officer is busy."
Stamp
/ስታምፕ/
ማህተም
An official mark or seal
ይፋዊ ምልክት ወይም ማህተም
Examples
"You need a stamp on the form."
Approval
/አፕሩቫል/
ማረጋገጫ/ፈቃድ
The action of officially agreeing to something
ለአንድ ነገር በይፋ የመስማማት ተግባር
Examples
"Wait for final approval."
Rejection
/ሪጄክሽን/
ውድቅ ማድረግ
The dismissing or refusing of a proposal
አንድን ጥያቄ ውድቅ የማድረግ ተግባር
Examples
"I received a rejection letter."
Renewal
/ሪኒውአል/
እድሳት
Extending the validity of something
የአንድን ነገር ተቀባይነት ጊዜ ማራዘም
Examples
"The renewal process is fast."
Expiration
/ኤክስፓይሬሽን/
የአገልግሎት ማብቂያ
Ending of the period of validity
የአገልግሎት ጊዜ ማብቂያ
Examples
"Check the expiration date."
Fee
/ፊ/
ክፍያ
Money paid for a service
ለአገልግሎት የሚከፈል ገንዘብ
Examples
"Pay the application fee."
Receipt
/ሪሲት/
ደረሰኝ
Proof that payment was made
ክፍያ መፈጸሙን የሚያሳይ ማስረጃ
Examples
"Keep your payment receipt."
Process
/ፕሮሰስ/
ሂደት
A series of actions to achieve a result
ውጤት ለማምጣት የሚደረጉ ተግባራት
Examples
"The process takes two weeks."
Delay
/ዲሌይ/
መዘግየት
A period of time by which something is late
አንድ ነገር የሚቆይበት ተጨማሪ ጊዜ
Examples
"There is a delay in the system."
Status
/ስታተስ/
ሁኔታ
The current state or condition
የአሁኑ ሁኔታ
Examples
"Check your status online."
Biometrics
/ባዮሜትሪክስ/
ባዮሜትሪክስ
Biological measurements for identification
ለማንነት ማረጋገጫ የሚወሰዱ ባዮሎጂካዊ መረጃዎች
Examples
"They took my biometrics today."
Fingerprint
/ፊንገርፕሪንት/
የጣት አሻራ
Impression made by the pattern of a finger
በጣት የሚደረግ አሻራ
Examples
"Your fingerprint is needed."
Witness
/ዊትነስ/
ምስክር
Someone who sees an event
አንድን ክስተት የሚያይ ሰው
Examples
"We need a legal witness."
Evidence
/ኤቪደንስ/
ማስረጃ
Information indicating something is true
አንድ ነገር እውነት መሆኑን የሚያሳይ መረጃ
Examples
"Provide evidence of income."
Address
/አድሬስ/
አድራሻ
Place where a person lives
አንድ ሰው የሚኖርበት ቦታ
Examples
"Write your current address."
Proof
/ፕሩፍ/
ማስረጃ
Evidence establishing a fact
ሀቅን የሚያረጋግጥ ማስረጃ
Examples
"Bring proof of residency."
Citizenship
/ሲቲዝንሺፕ/
ዜግነት
Status of being a citizen
የዜግነት ደረጃ
Examples
"He applied for citizenship."
Resident
/ሬዚደንት/
ነዋሪ
A person who lives in a place permanently
በአንድ ቦታ በቋሚነት የሚኖር ሰው
Examples
"Are you a permanent resident?"
Permit
/ፐርሚት/
ፈቃድ
Official document giving permission
ፈቃድ የሚሰጥ ይፋዊ ሰነድ
Examples
"I need a work permit."
License
/ላይሰንስ/
ፈቃድ/ፍቃድ
Permit from an authority to own or do something
አንድን ነገር ለማድረግ ከባለስልጣን የሚሰጥ ፈቃድ
Examples
"Show your driving license."
Marriage
/ሜሬጅ/
ጋብቻ
Legally recognized union of two people
በህግ የታወቀ የሁለት ሰዎች ጥምረት
Examples
"Where is your marriage certificate?"
Certificate
/ሰርቲፊኬት/
የምስክር ወረቀት
Official document attesting a fact
ሀቅን የሚያረጋግጥ ይፋዊ ወረቀት
Examples
"The birth certificate is required."
Tax
/ታክስ/
ግብር
Money paid to the government
ለመንግስት የሚከፈል ገንዘብ
Examples
"Did you pay your tax?"
Revenue
/ሬቨኒው/
ገቢ
Income, especially of a company or organization
ገቢ፣ በተለይም የድርጅት ወይም የመንግስት
Examples
"The revenue office is open."
Customs
/ከስተምስ/
ጉምሩክ
Department controlling goods into a country
ወደ ሀገር የሚገቡ እቃዎችን የሚቆጣጠር መሥሪያ ቤት
Examples
"Go to the customs desk."
Immigration
/ኢሚግሬሽን/
ኢሚግሬሽን
The action of coming to live in a foreign country
ወደ ሌላ ሀገር ለመኖር የመምጣት ተግባር
Examples
"The immigration office is busy."
Consulate
/ኮንሱሌት/
ቆንስላ
The building where a consul works
ቆንስላ የሚሰራበት ህንፃ
Examples
"Visit the local consulate."
Embassy
/ኤምባሲ/
ኤምባሲ
Official residence of an ambassador
የአምባሳደር ይፋዊ የመኖሪያ ቦታ ወይም ቢሮ
Examples
"Contact the American embassy."
Border
/ቦርደር/
ድንበር
Line separating two countries
ሁለት ሀገራትን የሚለይ መስመር
Examples
"Cross the border safely."
Entry
/ኤንትሪ/
መግቢያ
The act of entering
የመግባት ተግባር
Examples
"Your entry was recorded."
Exit
/ኤክዚት/
መውጫ
The act of leaving a place
አንድን ቦታ የመልቀቅ ተግባር
Examples
"Locate the emergency exit."
Stay
/ስቴይ/
ቆይታ
Period of time spent in a place
በአንድ ቦታ የሚቆዩበት ጊዜ
Examples
"Enjoy your stay."
Duration
/ዱሬሽን/
ቆይታ/ርዝመት
The time during which something continues
አንድ ነገር የሚቆይበት የጊዜ ርዝመት
Examples
"What is the stay duration?"
Extension
/ኤክስቴንሽን/
ማራዘሚያ
Addition to length of time
ለጊዜ ርዝመት የሚደረግ ጭማሪ
Examples
"Apply for an extension."
Appeal
/አፒል/
ይግባኝ
Apply to a higher court for reversal
ውሳኔ እንዲቀየር ለከፍተኛ አካል ማመልከት
Examples
"File a legal appeal."
Interview
/ኢንተርቪው/
ቃለ መጠይቅ
Meeting of people to consult
ለመመካከር የሚደረግ የሰዎች ስብሰባ
Examples
"The interview is at 10 AM."
Verification
/ቬሪፊኬሽን/
ማረጋገጫ
Process of establishing truth
እውነታን የማረጋገጥ ሂደት
Examples
"We need verification of age."
Authenticate
/ኦቴንቲኬት/
ትክክለኛነቱን ማረጋገጥ
Prove to be genuine
ትክክለኛ መሆኑን ማረጋገጥ
Examples
"Authenticate these papers."
Certified
/ሰርቲፋይድ/
የተረጋገጠ
Officially recognized as meeting standards
ደረጃውን የጠበቀ መሆኑ በይፋ የታወቀ
Examples
"Bring a certified copy."
Copy
/ኮፒ/
ቅጂ
Thing made to be similar to another
ከሌላው ጋር ተመሳሳይ እንዲሆን የተደረገ ነገር
Examples
"Make a photo copy."
Original
/ኦሪጅናል/
ዋና
The first or earliest form
የመጀመሪያው ወይም ዋናው ቅጽ
Examples
"Keep the original paper."
Folder
/ፎልደር/
ፎልደር
A folding cover for papers
ወረቀቶችን የሚይዝ መያዣ
Examples
"Put them in a folder."
File
/ፋይል/
ፋይል
A folder or box for holding loose papers
ወረቀቶችን የሚይዝ ፎልደር ወይም ሳጥን
Examples
"Organize your personal file."
Digital
/ዲጂታል/
ዲጂታል
In the form of electronic signals
በኤሌክትሮኒክ መረጃ መልክ ያለ
Examples
"We need a digital copy."
Online
/ኦንላይን/
ኦንላይን
Connected to a computer network
ከኮምፒውተር መረብ ጋር የተገናኘ
Examples
"Apply online for speed."
Manual
/ማንዋል/
በእጅ የሚሰራ
Done with the hands
በእጅ የሚከናወን
Examples
"Fill the manual form."
Handwriting
/ሀንድራይቲንግ/
የእጅ ጽሁፍ
Writing done by hand
በእጅ የተፃፈ ጽሁፍ
Examples
"Your handwriting is clear."
Mandatory
/ማንዳቶሪ/
ግዴታ
Required by law or rules
በህግ ወይም በደንብ የሚፈለግ
Examples
"Insurance is mandatory."
Optional
/ኦፕሽናል/
አማራጭ
Left to one's choice
በምርጫ የሚተው
Examples
"The photo is optional."
Eligibility
/ኤሊጂቢሊቲ/
ብቃት
Quality of being entitled to something
ለአንድ ነገር ብቁ የመሆን ጥራት
Examples
"Check your eligibility status."
Criteria
/ክራይቴሪያ/
መስፈርቶች
Principles for judging something
አንድን ነገር ለመመዘን የሚያገለግሉ መርሆዎች
Examples
"Meet all the criteria."
Guidelines
/ጋይድላይንስ/
መመሪያዎች
General rules or advice
አጠቃላይ ህጎች ወይም ምክሮች
Examples
"Follow the official guidelines."
Instruction
/ኢንስትራክሽን/
መመሪያ
Detailed information on how to do something
አንድን ነገር እንዴት እንደሚያደርጉ የሚገልጽ ዝርዝር መረጃ
Examples
"Read the instruction carefully."
Section
/ሴክሽን/
ክፍል
A distinct part of something
የአንድ ነገር የተለየ ክፍል
Examples
"Fill out section A."
Column
/ኮለም/
አምድ
A vertical division of a page
የገጽ ቀጥ ያለ ክፍፍል
Examples
"Check the second column."
Row
/ሮው/
ረድፍ
A horizontal line of entries
የመረጃዎች አግድም መስመር
Examples
"Look at the top row."
Date
/ዴት/
ቀን
The day of the month or year
የወሩ ወይም የአመቱ ቀን
Examples
"Write today's date."
Place
/ፕሌይስ/
ቦታ
A particular position or area
አንድ የተወሰነ ቦታ
Examples
"Birth place is important."
Gender
/ጄንደር/
ጾታ
The state of being male or female
ወንድ ወይም ሴት የመሆን ሁኔታ
Examples
"Select your gender."
Status
/ስታተስ/
ሁኔታ
Social or professional position
ማህበራዊ ወይም ሙያዊ ደረጃ
Examples
"Marital status is single."
Occupation
/ኦኩፔሽን/
ሙያ
A job or profession
ስራ ወይም ሙያ
Examples
"What is your occupation?"
Employer
/ኤምፕሎየር/
አሰሪ
Person or firm that employs people
ሰዎችን ቀጥሮ የሚያሰራ ሰው ወይም ድርጅት
Examples
"List your current employer."
Reference
/ሬፈረንስ/
ማጣቀሻ
A mention or citation
መጥቀስ ወይም ዋቢ
Examples
"Provide a personal reference."
Emergency
/ኢመርጀንሲ/
ድንገተኛ አደጋ
Serious, unexpected situation
ከባድ እና ያልተጠበቀ ሁኔታ
Examples
"In case of emergency, call 911."
Contact
/ኮንታክት/
ግንኙነት
State of communicating
የመገናኘት ሁኔታ
Examples
"Provide a contact number."
Guardian
/ጋርዲያን/
ሞግዚት
Person who looks after someone
አንድን ሰው የሚንከባከብ ሰው
Examples
"The minor needs a guardian."
Minor
/ማይነር/
ለአካለ መጠን ያልደረሰ
Person under legal age
በህግ ከተወሰነው እድሜ በታች ያለ ሰው
Examples
"He is still a minor."
Adult
/አዳልት/
አዋቂ
A person who is fully grown
ሙሉ በሙሉ ያደገ ሰው
Examples
"Two adults are traveling."
Nationality
/ናሽናሊቲ/
ዜግነት
Status of belonging to a nation
የአንድ ሀገር አባል የመሆን ሁኔታ
Examples
"State your nationality."
Ancestry
/አንሰስትሪ/
ዘር/ትውልድ
One's family or ethnic descent
የአንድ ሰው ቤተሰብ ወይም የዘር ግንድ
Examples
"Ancestry records are old."
Background
/ባክግራውንድ/
ዳራ
A person's experience or education
የአንድ ሰው ልምድ ወይም ትምህርት
Examples
"Complete a background check."
Criminal
/ክሪሚናል/
ወንጀለኛ
A person who has committed a crime
ወንጀል የፈጸመ ሰው
Examples
"Check the criminal record."
Report
/ሪፖርት/
ሪፖርት
An account given on a matter
ስለ አንድ ጉዳይ የሚሰጥ መግለጫ
Examples
"Get a police report."
Health
/ሄልዝ/
ጤና
The state of being free from illness
ከህመም ነፃ የመሆን ሁኔታ
Examples
"Show your health record."
Insurance
/ኢንሹራንስ/
መድን
Guarantee of compensation for loss
ለጉዳት የሚሰጥ የካሳ ዋስትና
Examples
"Is your travel insurance valid?"
Medical
/ሜዲካል/
ህክምና
Relating to science of medicine
ከህክምና ሳይንስ ጋር የተያያዘ
Examples
"Submit the medical form."
Vaccination
/ቫክሲኔሽን/
ክትባት
Treatment with a vaccine
በክትባት የሚሰጥ ህክምና
Examples
"I have the vaccination card."
Travel
/ትራቭል/
ጉዞ
Make a journey
ጉዞ ማድረግ
Examples
"The travel plan changed."
Ticket
/ቲኬት/
ትኬት
A piece of paper for admission
ለመግቢያ የሚያገለግል ወረቀት
Examples
"Keep your airline ticket."
Reservation
/ሬዘርቬሽን/
ይዞታ/ቅድመ ማስያዝ
Action of reserving something
አንድን ነገር አስቀድሞ የማስያዝ ተግባር
Examples
"Make a hotel reservation."
Accommodation
/አኮሞዴሽን/
ማረፊያ
A place to live or stay
የሚኖሩበት ወይም የሚያርፉበት ቦታ
Examples
"Find cheap accommodation."
Purpose
/ፐርፐዝ/
ዓላማ
The reason for which something is done
አንድ ነገር የሚደረግበት ምክንያት
Examples
"What is your purpose of visit?"
Tourism
/ቱሪዝም/
ቱሪዝም
The commercial organization of holidays
የቱሪስት አገልግሎት ንግድ
Examples
"He is here for tourism."
Business
/ቢዝነስ/
ንግድ
The practice of making one's living
ኑሮን ለመምራት የሚደረግ ንግድ
Examples
"It is a business trip."
Study
/ስተዲ/
ጥናት/ትምህርት
Acquire knowledge through books
በንባብ እውቀትን መቅሰም
Examples
"I have a study permit."
Research
/ሪሰርች/
ምርምር
Systematic investigation of materials
የመረጃዎች ስልታዊ ምርመራ
Examples
"This is for research only."
Internship
/ኢንተርንሺፕ/
ተለማማጅነት
Position of a student working to gain experience
ልምድ ለማግኘት ተማሪ የሚሰራበት ቦታ
Examples
"I applied for an internship."
Volunteer
/ቮለንቲር/
ፈቃደኛ
Person who freely offers to take part in a task
በገዛ ፈቃዱ ስራ የሚሰራ ሰው
Examples
"I am a volunteer worker."
Religious
/ሬሊጂየስ/
ሃይማኖታዊ
Relating to or believing in a religion
ከሃይማኖት ጋር የተያያዘ
Examples
"It was a religious visit."
Diplomatic
/ዲፕሎማቲክ/
ዲፕሎማሲያዊ
Relating to diplomacy
ከዲፕሎማሲ ጋር የተያያዘ
Examples
"She has a diplomatic visa."
Service
/ሰርቪስ/
አገልግሎት
The action of helping or doing work
የመርዳት ወይም ስራ የመስራት ተግባር
Examples
"The customer service is good."
Transit
/ትራንዚት/
ትራንዚት
The carrying of people or goods
ሰዎችን ወይም እቃዎችን የማጓጓዝ ስራ
Examples
"I am in transit now."
Port
/ፖርት/
ወደብ
A place where ships or planes stop
መርከቦች ወይም አውሮፕላኖች የሚቆሙበት ቦታ
Examples
"Go to the entry port."
Airport
/ኤርፖርት/
አውሮፕላን ማረፊያ
A complex where aircraft take off
አውሮፕላኖች የሚነሱበት ቦታ
Examples
"The airport is very large."
Terminal
/ተርሚናል/
ተርሚናል
End of a railway or air route
የባቡር ወይም የአየር መንገድ ማብቂያ
Examples
"Go to Terminal 1."
Luggage
/ላጌጅ/
ሻንጣ/እቃ
Suitcases and bags for travel
ለጉዞ የሚሆኑ ሻንጣዎች እና ቦርሳዎች
Examples
"Pick up your luggage."
Declaration
/ዲክላሬሽን/
መግለጫ
A formal or explicit statement
ይፋዊ ወይም ግልጽ መግለጫ
Examples
"Fill out the customs declaration."
Prohibited
/ፕሮሂቢትድ/
የተከለከለ
That has been forbidden
የተከለከለ ነገር
Examples
"Drugs are prohibited items."
Item
/አይተም/
ቁሳቁስ/ነገር
An individual article or unit
አንድ የተወሰነ ነገር
Examples
"List each item clearly."
Value
/ቫልዩ/
ዋጋ
The importance or worth of something
የአንድ ነገር ዋጋ ወይም ጥቅም
Examples
"State the total value."
Currency
/ከረንሲ/
ምንዛሬ
System of money in use
ጥቅም ላይ ያለ የገንዘብ ስርዓት
Examples
"Which currency do you use?"
Exchange
/ኤክስቼንጅ/
ልውውጥ
Giving one thing and receiving another
አንድን ነገር ሰጥቶ ሌላ መቀበል
Examples
"Go to the money exchange."
Bank
/ባንክ/
ባንክ
Financial establishment for money
የገንዘብ ተቋም
Examples
"I need a bank statement."
Statement
/ስቴትመንት/
መግለጫ
A definite expression in speech or writing
በንግግር ወይም በፅሁፍ የሚገለጽ ግልጽ ሀሳብ
Examples
"Read the official statement."
Income
/ኢንካም/
ገቢ
Money received for work
ለስራ የሚገኝ ገንዘብ
Examples
"Show your monthly income."
Asset
/አሴት/
ሀብት
A useful or valuable thing
ጠቃሚ ወይም ውድ ነገር
Examples
"List all your assets."
Liability
/ላይብሊቲ/
ዕዳ
State of being responsible for something
ለአንድ ነገር ተጠያቂ የመሆን ሁኔታ
Examples
"Debts are a liability."
Debt
/ዴት/
ዕዳ
Money that is owed or due
መከፈል ያለበት ገንዘብ
Examples
"He is in high debt."
Fine
/ፋይን/
ቅጣት/መቀጫ
Sum of money exacted as a penalty
እንደ ቅጣት የሚከፈል ገንዘብ
Examples
"Pay the parking fine."
Penalty
/ፔናልቲ/
ቅጣት
Punishment for breaking a law
ህግ በመጣስ የሚጣል ቅጣት
Examples
"The penalty is expensive."
Law
/ሎው/
ህግ
System of rules in a country
በአንድ ሀገር ውስጥ ያሉ የህግ ስርዓቶች
Examples
"Follow the local law."
Regulation
/ሬጉሌሽን/
ደንብ
Rule maintained by an authority
በባለስልጣን የሚጠበቅ ደንብ
Examples
"Read the new regulation."
Article
/አርቲክል/
አንቀጽ
A separate clause in a legal document
በህጋዊ ሰነድ ውስጥ ያለ የተለየ ንጥል
Examples
"Refer to article 5."
Clause
/ክሎዝ/
ሐረግ/ንዑስ አንቀጽ
A particular part of a contract
የውል አንድ የተወሰነ ክፍል
Examples
"Check the contract clause."
Paragraph
/ፓራግራፍ/
አንቀጽ/አንቀፅ
Distinct section of writing
የተለየ የፅሁፍ ክፍል
Examples
"Read the first paragraph."
Chapter
/ቻፕተር/
ምዕራፍ
Main division of a book or document
የመፅሀፍ ወይም የሰነድ ዋና ክፍፍል
Examples
"This is in chapter three."
Code
/ኮድ/
ኮድ/ምስጢር
System of symbols or rules
የምልክቶች ወይም የህጎች ስርዓት
Examples
"Enter the access code."
System
/ሲስተም/
ስርዓት
A set of connected things
የተሳሰሩ ነገሮች ስብስብ
Examples
"The system is down today."
Database
/ዳታቤዝ/
የመረጃ ቋት
Structured set of data
የተደራጀ የመረጃ ስብስብ
Examples
"Update the national database."
Record
/ሬከርድ/
መዝገብ
A thing constituting a piece of evidence
እንደ ማስረጃ የሚያገለግል ነገር
Examples
"Keep a medical record."
Archives
/አርካይቭስ/
መዛግብት
Collection of historical documents
የታሪካዊ ሰነዶች ስብስብ
Examples
"Search in the archives."
Public
/ፐብሊክ/
ህዝባዊ
Concerning the people as a whole
ሰፊውን ህዝብ የሚመለከት
Examples
"This is a public office."
Private
/ፕራይቬት/
ግል
Belonging to one person or group
የአንድ ሰው ወይም የቡድን ንብረት
Examples
"Keep your files private."
Entity
/ኤንቲቲ/
አካል/ድርጅት
A thing with distinct existence
የተለየ ህልውና ያለው ነገር
Examples
"A legal entity exists."
Agency
/ኤጀንሲ/
ኤጀንሲ
Business or organization providing service
አገልግሎት የሚሰጥ ንግድ ወይም ድርጅት
Examples
"Call the travel agency."
Ministry
/ሚኒስትሪ/
ሚኒስቴር
Government department
የመንግስት መሥሪያ ቤት
Examples
"Go to the Ministry of Health."
Bureau
/ቢሮ/
ቢሮ
An office or department for specific business
ለተወሰነ ስራ የሚሆን ቢሮ ወይም መሥሪያ ቤት
Examples
"The census bureau is hiring."
Department
/ዲፓርትመንት/
ክፍል
Division of a large organization
የአንድ ትልቅ ድርጅት ክፍል
Examples
"Which department handles visas?"
Office
/ኦፊስ/
ቢሮ
Room or building for business
ለስራ የሚሆን ክፍል ወይም ህንፃ
Examples
"The office is closed now."
Clerk
/ክለርክ/
ጸሐፊ
Person employed to keep records
መዛግብት እንዲይዝ የተቀጠረ ሰው
Examples
"Ask the desk clerk."
Secretary
/ሴክሬታሪ/
ጸሐፊ
Person who assists with correspondence
በደብዳቤ ልውውጥ የሚረዳ ሰው
Examples
"The secretary is on lunch."
Assistant
/አሲስታንት/
ረዳት
Person who ranks below another
ከሌላ ሰው በታች ሆኖ የሚረዳ
Examples
"The administrative assistant called."
Director
/ዳይሬክተር/
ዳይሬክተር
Person in charge of an activity
አንድን ስራ የሚቆጣጠር ሰው
Examples
"The director signed it."
Manager
/ማኔጀር/
ስራ አስኪያጅ
Person responsible for controlling a part of a company
የድርጅትን አንድ ክፍል የሚቆጣጠር ሰው
Examples
"Talk to the manager."
Supervisor
/ሱፐርቫይዘር/
ተቆጣጣሪ
Person who oversees others
ሌሎችን የሚቆጣጠር ሰው
Examples
"The supervisor checked it."
Authority
/ኦቶሪቲ/
ባለስልጣን
The power to give orders
ትዕዛዝ የመስጠት ስልጣን
Examples
"They have the authority."
Policy
/ፖሊሲ/
ፖሊሲ
Course of action adopted by a government
በመንግስት የሚወሰድ የድርጊት መመሪያ
Examples
"Follow the company policy."
Procedure
/ፕሮሲጀር/
ቅደም ተከተል
Established way of doing something
አንድን ነገር ለማድረግ የተዘረጋ መንገድ
Examples
"What is the procedure?"
Step
/ስቴፕ/
ደረጃ
Action in a series
በተከታታይ ስራዎች ውስጥ ያለ አንድ ተግባር
Examples
"Follow the first step."
Stage
/ስቴጅ/
ደረጃ
Point or period in a process
በሂደት ውስጥ ያለ ነጥብ ወይም ጊዜ
Examples
"We are at the final stage."
Phase
/ፌዝ/
ምዕራፍ
Distinct period in a series of events
በተከታታይ ክስተቶች ውስጥ ያለ የተለየ ጊዜ
Examples
"The second phase began."
Level
/ሌቭል/
ደረጃ
Position on a scale
በመመዘኛ ላይ ያለ ቦታ
Examples
"Check the noise level."
Grade
/ግሬድ/
ደረጃ
Particular level of rank or quality
የማዕረግ ወይም የጥራት ደረጃ
Examples
"He has a high grade."
Class
/ክላስ/
ክፍል
A group of things sharing characteristics
ተመሳሳይ ባህሪያት ያላቸው ነገሮች ስብስብ
Examples
"This is first class."
Category
/ካቴጎሪ/
ምድብ
Class or division of things
የነገሮች ክፍል ወይም ምድብ
Examples
"Select a category."
Type
/ታይፕ/
ዓይነት
Category of people or things having common characteristics
የሰዎች ወይም የነገሮች ዓይነት
Examples
"What type of visa is it?"
Kind
/ካይንድ/
ዓይነት
A group of people or things having similar characteristics
ተመሳሳይ ባህሪያት ያላቸው ነገሮች ስብስብ
Examples
"What kind of help?"
Formality
/ፎርማሊቲ/
የመደበኛነት ተግባር
Rigid observance of rules of convention
ደንቦችን በጥብቅ የመጠበቅ ተግባር
Examples
"It is just a formality."
Protocol
/ፕሮቶኮል/
ፕሮቶኮል
Official procedure or system of rules
ይፋዊ ቅደም ተከተል ወይም የህግ ስርዓት
Examples
"Follow the diplomatic protocol."
Etiquette
/ኤቲኬት/
ስነ-ምግባር
Code of polite behavior
የትህትና ስነ-ምግባር ደንብ
Examples
"Office etiquette is important."
Courtesy
/ኮርተሲ/
ትህትና
Showing politeness in one's attitude
በአመለካከት ትህትናን ማሳየት
Examples
"Show courtesy to others."
Greeting
/ግሪቲንግ/
ሰላምታ
Polite word or sign of welcome
የትህትና ሰላምታ
Examples
"Use a formal greeting."
Inquiry
/ኢንኳይሪ/
ጥያቄ/ምርመራ
Act of asking for information
መረጃ የመጠየቅ ተግባር
Examples
"I have a general inquiry."
Request
/ሪኳስት/
ጥያቄ
Act of asking politely for something
አንድን ነገር በትህትና የመጠየቅ ተግባር
Examples
"Submit a formal request."
Submit
/ሰብሚት/
ማስገባት
Present a document for consideration
ሰነድን ለውሳኔ ማቅረብ
Examples
"Submit your form today."
Receive
/ሪሲቭ/
መቀበል
Be given or presented with something
አንድን ነገር መሰጠት ወይም መቀበል
Examples
"Did you receive the email?"
Review
/ሪቪው/
ግምገማ
Formal assessment of something
የአንድ ነገር ይፋዊ ግምገማ
Examples
"The review is complete."
Evaluate
/ኢቫልዩኤት/
መገምገም
Form an idea of amount or value
ዋጋን ወይም መጠንን መገመት
Examples
"Evaluate the application."
Assess
/አሴስ/
መመዘን
Estimate the nature or quality of
የአንድን ነገር ጥራት ወይም ተፈጥሮ መገመት
Examples
"Assess the risk level."
Judge
/ጃጅ/
ፈራጅ/ዳኛ
A public officer appointed to decide cases
በጉዳዮች ላይ እንዲወስን የተሾመ ባለስልጣን
Examples
"The judge ruled today."
Decide
/ዲሳይድ/
መወሰን
Come to a resolution after consideration
ከግምት በኋላ ወደ ውሳኔ መምጣት
Examples
"Decide quickly please."
Confirm
/ኮንፈርም/
ማረጋገጥ
Establish the truth or correctness of
ትክክለኛነቱን ማረጋገጥ
Examples
"Confirm your email address."
Validate
/ቫሊዴት/
ማረጋገጥ
Check or prove the validity of
ተቀባይነቱን ማረጋገጥ
Examples
"Validate the parking ticket."
Deny
/ዲናይ/
መከልከል
Refuse to give or grant something
አንድን ነገር ለመስጠት እምቢ ማለት
Examples
"They will deny the request."
Suspend
/ሰስፔንድ/
ማገድ
Temporarily prevent from continuing
ለጊዜው እንዳይቀጥል ማድረግ
Examples
"Suspend the license."
Revoke
/ሪቮክ/
መሰረዝ
Put an end to the validity of
ተቀባይነትን ማቆም
Examples
"Revoke the permit."
Cancel
/ካንሰል/
መሰረዝ
Decide that a planned event will not take place
የታቀደ ነገር እንዳይደረግ መወሰን
Examples
"Cancel the appointment."
Update
/አፕዴት/
ማዘመን
Make something more modern
አንድን ነገር ዘመናዊ ማድረግ
Examples
"Update your record."
Modify
/ሞዲፋይ/
ማሻሻል
Make partial changes to something
በአንድ ነገር ላይ ከፊል ለውጦችን ማድረግ
Examples
"Modify the agreement."
Correct
/ኮሬክት/
ማረም/ትክክለኛ
Free from error
ከስህተት የጸዳ
Examples
"Is this information correct?"
Amend
/አሜንድ/
ማሻሻል
Make minor changes in a text
በፅሁፍ ላይ ጥቃቅን ለውጦችን ማድረግ
Examples
"Amend the document."
Rectify
/ሬክቲፋይ/
ማስተካከል
Put something right
አንድን ነገር በትክክል ማስቀመጥ
Examples
"Rectify the mistake now."
Error
/ኤረር/
ስህተት
A mistake
ስህተት
Examples
"There is an error."
Mistake
/ሚስቴክ/
ስህተት
Action that is misguided or wrong
የተሳሳተ ድርጊት
Examples
"It was a small mistake."
Omission
/ኦሚሽን/
መዝለል/መተው
Someone or something that has been left out
የተዘለለ ወይም የተተወ ነገር
Examples
"Check for any omission."
Inclusion
/ኢንክሉዥን/
ማካተት
The action of including
የማካተት ተግባር
Examples
"Inclusion is necessary."
Exclusion
/ኤክስክሉዥን/
ማግለል/አለማካተት
The process of excluding
የማግለል ሂደት
Examples
"The exclusion was unfair."
Privilege
/ፕሪቪሌጅ/
ልዩ መብት
A special right or advantage
ልዩ መብት ወይም ጥቅም
Examples
"It is a great privilege."
Right
/ራይት/
መብት
Moral or legal entitlement
የሞራል ወይም የህግ መብት
Examples
"Know your legal rights."
Duty
/ዲዩቲ/
ግዴታ
A moral or legal obligation
የሞራል ወይም የህግ ግዴታ
Examples
"It is my duty to help."
Obligation
/ኦብሊጌሽን/
ግዴታ
An act to which a person is bound
አንድ ሰው እንዲያደርገው የተገደደበት ተግባር
Examples
"I have no obligation."
Compliance
/ኮምፕላያንስ/
ተገዢነት
Action of complying with a wish or command
ትዕዛዝን የማክበር ተግባር
Examples
"Compliance is mandatory."
Adherence
/አድሄረንስ/
መከተል/መታዘዝ
Attachment or commitment to a person or cause
ለአንድ ዓላማ ታማኝ የመሆን ሁኔታ
Examples
"Adherence to rules."
Standard
/ስታንዳርድ/
ደረጃ
Level of quality or attainment
የጥራት ወይም የውጤት ደረጃ
Examples
"The standard is high."
Quality
/ኳሊቲ/
ጥራት
The degree of excellence of something
የአንድ ነገር የልህቀት ደረጃ
Examples
"Focus on service quality."
Efficiency
/ኢፊሸንሲ/
ብቃት/ቅልጥፍና
Ability to avoid wasting materials
ሀብትን ሳያባክኑ የመስራት ችሎታ
Examples
"Improve the efficiency."
Speed
/ስፒድ/
ፍጥነት
The rate at which someone moves
አንድ ነገር የሚጓዝበት ፍጥነት
Examples
"The speed is fast."
Urgency
/አርጀንሲ/
አስቸኳይነት
Importance requiring swift action
ፈጣን እርምጃ የሚፈልግ አስፈላጊነት
Examples
"It is a matter of urgency."
Priority
/ፕራዮሪቲ/
ቅድሚያ
Fact of being regarded as more important
የበለጠ አስፈላጊ ሆኖ የመታየት ሁኔታ
Examples
"Safety is our priority."
Normal
/ኖርማል/
መደበኛ
Conforming to a standard
ደረጃን የጠበቀ
Examples
"It is a normal day."
Express
/ኤክስፕረስ/
ፈጣን
Operating at high speed
በከፍተኛ ፍጥነት የሚሰራ
Examples
"Use the express service."
Regular
/ሬጉላር/
መደበኛ
Arranged in a constant pattern
በቋሚ ሁኔታ የተደራጀ
Examples
"The regular fee applies."
Charge
/ቻርጅ/
ክፍያ
Demand an amount as a price
እንደ ዋጋ ገንዘብ መጠየቅ
Examples
"What is the total charge?"
Cost
/ኮስት/
ዋጋ
The amount that has to be paid
መከፈል ያለበት የገንዘብ መጠን
Examples
"The cost is too high."
Price
/ፕራይስ/
ዋጋ
Amount of money for which something is bought
አንድ ነገር የሚገዛበት የገንዘብ መጠን
Examples
"The price is fixed."
Payment
/ፔይመንት/
ክፍያ
The action of paying
የመክፈል ተግባር
Examples
"Make the payment now."
Method
/ሜተድ/
ዘዴ
A particular form of procedure
አንድ የተወሰነ የሂደት ዓይነት
Examples
"Select a payment method."
Cash
/ካሽ/
ጥሬ ገንዘብ
Money in coins or notes
በሳንቲም ወይም በኖት ያለ ገንዘብ
Examples
"Do you accept cash?"
Card
/ካርድ/
ካርድ
Small plastic piece for payment
ለክፍያ የሚያገለግል ትንሽ ፕላስቲክ
Examples
"Pay by credit card."
Transfer
/ትራንስፈር/
ማስተላለፍ
Move from one place to another
ከአንድ ቦታ ወደ ሌላ ማንቀሳቀስ
Examples
"Bank transfer is safe."
Voucher
/ቫውቸር/
ቫውቸር
A piece of paper that can be exchanged for goods
ለእቃ ልውውጥ የሚያገለግል ወረቀት
Examples
"Use this travel voucher."
Invoice
/ኢንቮይስ/
ደረሰኝ/ኢንቮይስ
List of goods sent or services provided
የተላኩ እቃዎች ወይም አገልግሎቶች ዝርዝር
Examples
"Send the invoice today."
Bill
/ቢል/
ቢል/ሂሳብ
Printed statement of money owed
መከፈል ያለበት የገንዘብ መጠን መግለጫ
Examples
"Pay your electricity bill."
Summary
/ሰመሪ/
ማጠቃለያ
Brief statement of main points
የዋና ነጥቦች አጭር መግለጫ
Examples
"Provide a summary."
Abstract
/አብስትራክት/
አጭር መግለጫ
Summary of contents of a book
የመፅሀፍ ይዘቶች አጭር መግለጫ
Examples
"Read the document abstract."
Brief
/ብሪፍ/
አጭር
Of short duration
አጭር ጊዜ የሚወስድ
Examples
"Keep the meeting brief."
Notification
/ኖቲፊኬሽን/
ማሳሰቢያ
Formal announcement
ይፋዊ ማስታወቂያ
Examples
"Wait for a notification."
Letter
/ሌተር/
ደብዳቤ
Written message from one person to another
ከአንድ ሰው ወደ ሌላ የሚላክ ፅሁፍ
Examples
"Write a formal letter."
/ኢሜይል/
ኢሜይል
Electronic mail
የኤሌክትሮኒክ መልዕክት
Examples
"Check your email."
SMS
/ኤስኤምኤስ/
አጭር የፅሁፍ መልዕክት
Short message service
አጭር የመልዕክት አገልግሎት
Examples
"Receive an SMS alert."
Call
/ኮል/
ጥሪ
Contact by telephone
በስልክ መገናኘት
Examples
"Make a phone call."
Notice
/ኖቲስ/
ማሳሰቢያ
Warning or announcement
ማስጠንቀቂያ ወይም ማስታወቂያ
Examples
"The notice is on the wall."
Warning
/ዎርኒንግ/
ማስጠንቀቂያ
Statement of possible danger
ሊመጣ የሚችል አደጋ መግለጫ
Examples
"This is a final warning."
Alert
/አለርት/
ማስጠንቀቂያ
State of being watchful
ዝግጁ የመሆን ሁኔታ
Examples
"The security alert is active."
Announcement
/አናውንስመንት/
ማስታወቂያ
Public statement
ህዝባዊ መግለጫ
Examples
"Listen to the announcement."
Bulletin
/ቡለቲን/
ጋዜጣ/መጽሄት
Short official statement or broadcast
አጭር ይፋዊ መግለጫ
Examples
"Check the daily bulletin."
Website
/ዌብሳይት/
ድህረ ገጽ
Location on the internet
በኢንተርኔት ላይ ያለ ቦታ
Examples
"Visit our website."
Portal
/ፖርታል/
መግቢያ/ፖርታል
Website as a point of entry
እንደ መግቢያ የሚያገለግል ድህረ ገጽ
Examples
"Use the student portal."
Link
/ሊንክ/
አገናኝ
Connection between pages
በገጾች መካከል ያለ ትስስር
Examples
"Click the link below."
Login
/ሎጊን/
መግባት
Process of gaining access
ወደ ስርዓት የመግቢያ ሂደት
Examples
"Your login failed."
Password
/ፓስዎርድ/
የይለፍ ቃል
Secret word for access
ለመግቢያ የሚያገለግል ምስጢራዊ ቃል
Examples
"Change your password."
Security
/ሴኪውሪቲ/
ደህንነት
State of being free from danger
ከአደጋ ነፃ የመሆን ሁኔታ
Examples
"Security is at the door."
Privacy
/ፕራይቬሲ/
ግላዊነት
State of being free from public attention
ከህዝብ እይታ ነፃ የመሆን ሁኔታ
Examples
"Respect my privacy."
Consent
/ኮንሰንት/
ስምምነት
Permission for something to happen
አንድ ነገር እንዲሆን የሚሰጥ ፈቃድ
Examples
"We need parental consent."
Agreement
/አግሪመንት/
ስምምነት
Harmony or accordance in opinion
በሀሳብ የመስማማት ሁኔታ
Examples
"Sign the legal agreement."
Contract
/ኮንትራክት/
ውል
Written or spoken agreement
በፅሁፍ ወይም በቃል የሚደረግ ስምምነት
Examples
"The contract is binding."
Terms
/ተርምስ/
ውሎች/ቃላት
Conditions under which an action may be undertaken
አንድ ተግባር የሚከናወንባቸው ሁኔታዎች
Examples
"Read the terms and conditions."
Natural Dialogue
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